This comes with disclaimer, please do a bit of searching, but with dd you could “low-level format” the disk by filling it with zeroes. Here is an old article but, I guess it sums it up . I have only done this on USB flashdrives.
Sorry a bit late! If you are going to dd, you could add status=progress to the command line to have some visual feedback that something is going on. Be prepared that it will take a loooong time to finish.
You could still try using dd to clear the GPT table and partitioning information. (You’ll need to specify the appropriate device at the drive level after of= … )
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1
Then use gparted or fdisk to create your GPT table … if this still doesn’t show you the extra space, I’d be worried about some sort of physical damage having occurred to the disk, but even cancelling windows formatting shouldn’t cause that.