I still don’t fully understand what you are trying to achieve? Did you try installing without bootloader?
Otherwise it sounds to me that your plan is to use refind as bootmanager to load another bootmanager (systemd-boot) to load your OS and you want to install both bootmanagers to the same partition.
I don’t think so. When you install under certain partition scenarios the installer is going to create it’s own efi on the install. There is nothing wrong with this. I have it on my systems when i install EOS on a separate drive. I could use the Windows /efi if i used manual partitioning.
rEFInd is a boot manager, meaning that it presents a menu of options to the user when the computer first starts up. rEFInd is not a boot loader. It is used to launch efi bootloaders.
rEFInd better handles systems with many boot loaders, gives better control over the boot loader search process, and provides the ability for users to define their own boot loader entries.
But refind doesn’t depend on a different bootloader to boot linux systems.
So, what is the benefit of installing systemd-boot then?
In that scenario it should have worked by just installing EOS (maybe with sime refind configuration needed) without additional bootloader, or are there other issues I am not aware of?
I don’t know what this specific scenario is nor do i want to mentally try to figure it out. I didn’t install it. I just know how rEFind works. I have used it myself in a multboot setup without issue. I’m not an expert on all things rEFInd. I’m just saying it’s not a bootloader it’s a boot manager used to launch efi bootloaders.