The regular kernel hangs on reboot 9 times out of 10; every once in a while it completes the boot successfully. Once booted, it works perfectly. The lts kernel always boots successfully, and also works perfectly. I attach the journalctl output from the last two hung boots of the regular kernel. Any suggestions appreciated. Thank you very much.
You got CPU core dumps/traces in the journal.
As this is a newer device, I do not think there is a defective part… but the firmware looks suspiciously outdated.
Update: I booted a Pop!_OS live USB, and checked for firmware updates, but there were none. Also, I already had fwupd installated, and it also did not report updates. I am glad that the lts kernel always works. @joekamprad vielen dank für die hilfe.