Following the advice here, I did a final diagnostic test by creating a live USB of the latest Linux Mint.
The result is the same: the internal MediaTek Wi-Fi card is not initialized, and the external “AX900” USB Wi-Fi adapter is not even detected by `lsusb`. This confirms that the problem is not specific to Arch Linux but seems to affect the entire Linux ecosystem with this hardware.
**Final Summary:**
* **Hardware:** ASUS Vivobook X1505VA, MediaTek MT7921K Wi-Fi.
* **Problem:** Internal Wi-Fi card is not initialized by the kernel. External USB Wi-Fi adapters are not detected.
* **Distributions Tested:** Fedora, EndeavourOS (standard + LTS kernels), and Linux Mint. The issue is identical on all of them.
* **Conclusion:** This appears to be a deep hardware/firmware incompatibility with the current Linux kernel.
Thank you all for your time and suggestions. I will mark this as solved for now, as it seems there is no immediate software solution. Hopefully, a future kernel update will resolve this.
My wife has the Vivobook x1505ZA with the mediatek wifi card and it works fine from the EoS live ISO. It has a different HWID than yours though. It identifies as a MediaTek MT7921e, Subsystem: AzureWave Device 4680