There are multiple reasons you can get that error. All should be solvable unless that hardware itself is failing. There are many posts here where people have solved similar issues but we would need to troubleshoot yours specifically.
You would be better off creating a new topic for yourself rather than adding on to the other posters since your issue might not be the same.
Yeah, this probably means you don’t have a partition table. Since there is no partition table, there are no actual partitions. As further evidence of this, the device is named nvme0n1 which is the name of the entire disk.
You could certainly do that if you wanted to.
That being said, I think the safest thing would be to fix the original install instead of messing around with the clone but it is up to you.