External drive crashes when I download anything

By default, all my downloads are directed to my external drive. However since last week trying to download anything crashes the disk. This means it’s not usable until I remount it: I get an error “couldn’t find this folder” when I open it in Dolphin and it will appear empty. This is solved by unmounting and remounting but next download will crash it again.

Before this, it would still crash but would take much longer and did without intervention, I could be idle for two hours, return and see the drive like this. Now it happens every time I download anything.

Here’s a nice set of questions for you to work through:

  • What sort of downloads?
  • How full is the partition?
  • What filesystem are you using?
  • What temperature is the disk?
  • Have you run an fsck recently? If not, what does it report?
  • Have you checked for bad blocks? If not, what does a test reveal?
  • Have you checked disk health, if supported, with smartctl? If not, what does a check reveal?
  • Have you tried a different cable and port? If not, what happens if you try a different cable and port?
4 Likes
  • What sort of downloads?
    An Arch .iso torrent to learn to install it on a VM. Broswer downloads do not crash my drive.

  • How full is the partition?
    Half the space is free.

  • What filesystem are you using?
    exFAT.

  • What temperature is the disk?
    32°C

  • Have you run an fsck recently? If not, what does it report?

fsck from util-linux 2.38
exfatfsck 1.3.0
Checking file system on /dev/sda1.
File system version           1.0
Sector size                 512 bytes
Cluster size                128 KB
Volume size                 932 GB
Used space                  449 GB
Available space             483 GB
ERROR: too long label (252 chars).
ERROR: invalid cluster 0xf6a13420 in clusters bitmap.
ERROR: invalid cluster 0xa19ee1a8 in clusters bitmap.
ERROR: invalid cluster 0x44672a4a in clusters bitmap.
ERROR: unknown entry type 0xb3.
Fix (Y/N)?

If I say Y it will ask the same question indefinitely.

  • Have you checked for bad blocks? If not, what does a test reveal?
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-5.18.5-zen1-1-zen] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
  • Have you checked disk health, if supported, with smartctl? If not, what does a check reveal?
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-5.18.5-zen1-1-zen] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 3.5" DT01ACA... Desktop HDD
Device Model:     TOSHIBA DT01ACA100
Serial Number:    79HBJS0MS
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 fdcd3566f
Firmware Version: MS2OA8L0
User Capacity:    1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Jun 20 21:37:51 2022 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x80) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                ( 7119) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 119) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   100   098   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0027   142   100   054    Pre-fail  Always       -       69
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0023   128   100   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       176 (Average 182)
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       5028
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002f   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0025   110   100   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       36
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       8748
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1898
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0033   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
185 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       65535
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       244830371840
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   066   059   000    Old_age   Always       -       34 (Min/Max 25/34)
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       5983
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       5983
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   176   146   000    Old_age   Always       -       34 (Min/Max 19/41)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8332         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8320         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8317         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8308         -
# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8292         -
# 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8277         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8269         -
# 8  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8265         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8255         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8252         -
#11  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      8241         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8196         -
#13  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8187         -
#14  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8178         -
#15  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8172         -
#16  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8164         -
#17  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8156         -
#18  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8132         -
#19  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8121         -
#20  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8112         -
#21  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8105         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
  • Have you tried a different cable and port? If not, what happens if you try a different cable and port?
    I haven’t tried those yet because I don’t have the unmount tools around but will tell tomorrow if this info is not enough.

This might well be key. Torrents create a lot of heavy random disk I/O and will stress a disk and the bus.

Unless you need to share this disk with Windows it will be worth trying a Linux-native filesystem to see if it’s more reliable. You could shrink the exFAT partition and create a Linux partition (ext4 or XFS would likely be the best options for testing), use that new partition for your torrent downloads, and then see if that helps.

3 Likes

Did you try switching kernels from zen to lts?

Sadly I need Windows because Nvidia drivers are so bad sometimes. I looked the wires and everything is fine and working, there aren’t visible hardware flaws. And I don’t have a drive to transfer all my data which I would lose if I switched formats, but on the main drive torrents work just fine.

@HMS_Endeavour How can kernels affect this?

I am not saying it is the problem. But switching kernels is simple and is something else to emiminate. If you can download files, then great. If not, switch back and you are back to square one.