use default options. The default depends on the kernel and the filesystem. mount(8) does not have any hardcoded set of default options. The kernel default is usually rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.
It could be using the rw mount option is all that is needed.
I knew that for NTFS, in order for it to have the same “Linux-compatible permissions” for folders and files, you would need to define those in /etc/fstab/ (see here).
For the purpose of replicating the issue on this thread, I did create an exfat test partition.
Neither defaults, rw nor both together would give the user write permission to directory where it was mounted.
Only after I did add uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=022,fmask=133 to the line in /etc/fstab, I could get write permissions.
I might be wrong, but I guess these options function as a sort of “compatibility layer”, if you so will, to have the same permissions for files and folders on a non-linux filesystem even though the latter in and by itself doesn’t support permissions.
You might want trying to replicate it on an exfat test partition to see if you will get the same result or not. I might very well have gotten it all wrong