During installation, did you choose hplip or other drivers in the Calamares Packages section? For a Brother printer in Calamares Packages I choose cups and cups-pdf only. Nothing else.
Sometimes depending on the Desktop Environment, these extras will try to auto install your printer. If an auto install was attempted, then you use the Cups server to install with ipp then you end up with two printers, one works, one doesn’t
So, when you attempt to print something, in the printer dialog there will be two Brother offerings, and the broken usually appears as default. Click on the down arrow and look for a second offering. Also look at the Type: DCP-L2550DW series - IPP Everywhere as below.
If you choose the broken printer driver, you get exactly what you described above.
Pudge