Sharing my discovery, this was actually a problem due to a recent change in amdgpu and my config.
In LTS, max_brightness is set to 255, but in latest kernel it is set the 64764.
Now the thing is that my i3 config was set to bind an increase/decrease of 10units on XF86MonBrightnessUp/XF86MonBrightnessDown events, giving the impression it was not working, while it was actually working, but just taking forever.
My solution was to use percentage instead: bindsym XF86MonBrightnessUp exec brightnessctl set 5%+
It does not fix my polybar issue, but it’s probably another problem anyway