USB PD 3.0 Limit: The original and most widespread USB PD 3.0 standard has a hard limit of 100W (20V/5A). To get higher wattage, both your laptop and charger must support the newer Extended Power Range (EPR) specification, which allows up to 240W.
Have you checked your hardware? Is the laptop, charger and cable EPR compliant?
Edit: Have you checked if there is any newer Bios versions for the laptop and also firmware updates for the Dock?
Edit: Check journalctl for any errors related to USB, ACPI, power, or Thunderbolt when the dock is connected.
Edit:
Adjust CPU Power Management (CPU Governor)
- Your system might be defaulting to a low-power CPU performance profile when it detects a power source via the dock, especially if power negotiation is failing.
- Install
cpupowerif you don’t have it:sudo pacman -S cpupower. - Force the CPU governor to
performancemode:sudo cpupower frequency-set -g performance. - If this resolves the issue, you can enable the
cpupower.serviceto make it permanent:sudo systemctl enable cpupower.service.