How to block outgoing ports in Firewalld and allow specific ports?

For extra security run the opensnitch application firewall for blocking outbound connections.

Using OPNsense as the gateway to your network is also a good choice (it runs on Hardened BSD)

Building your own kernel will also make your system harder to exploit. Enforce signed modules at the kernel command line with:

module.sig_enforce=1

All of the kernel hardening options can be enforced on a desktop system. Run applications in firejail - most browsers can be run with hardened_malloc.

If you use Out of Tree kernel modules these can also be signed using arch-sign-modules to build your custom kernel. I maintain the package & it should always work on linux-hardened & linux-lts with modules zfs / nvidia / p_lkrg (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard)

The only time I block outgoing ports is on machines where I run a VPN and block everything except VPN traffic.

That being said, blocking more is never a bad idea. It just isn’t part of my personal risk profile.