In systemd-boot, it is actually quite simple. You edit the appropriate entry file which can be found on your EFI partition in the loader/entries directory. Each entry is a boot option on the menu and each has a line called options. You can modify these entries directly, however, these changes may be overwritten when packages are installed or updated.
To make the changes, instead of modifying the entries, modify the file /etc/kernel/cmdline which is a one-line file containing a list of kernel options. Then run sudo reinstall-kernels which will populate the entries and regenerate the initrds.